Wednesday, February 19, 2020

Ecology in the news tasksheet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ecology in the news tasksheet - Essay Example The underlying assumption is that warming makes thunderstorms more explosive. The increased water vapour as one of the greenhouse gases fuels the explosion that causes lightning (Romps et al., 2014).. Anthropogenic activities on the environment are the main reason as to why the world is recording increased atmospheric temperatures. On the other hand, the issue qualifies to be of great importance since lightning is one of the environmental problems. Though lightning injuries and accidents are natural calamities, destructive human activities on the environment are increasing the intensity of thunderstorms and lightning the (University of California, 2014). Therefore, an increase in lightning intensity and frequency mean more harm in the form of human injuries. Annually, thousands of people succumb to lightning injuries. The implication is that many will lose their lives if the trend continues in the future. A significant environmental impact of lightning is the increase in wildfires (Romps et al., 2014).. Lighting ignited forest fires are always hard to fight, and they are more destructive to the natural vegetation. However, one advantage of lightning strikes is the additional nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere thus controlling the chemistry of the atmosphere. Alternatively, it is possible to argue that seasonal temperature variations are the reason behind increased lightning. Though this journal ascertains that the projected increase in lightning strikes is due to precipitation and cloud buoyancy, scientists, and meteorologists have not done reliable analyses to predict what the future holds for humanity. However, studying atmospheric properties like the cloud buoyancy and precipitation may give a clue on what thunderstorm and lightning intensities may look like in future (Romps et al., 2014). Nonetheless, it necessary to understand that charge separation that occurs within the clouds causes lightning. Therefore, it takes a good amount of water vapour as

Tuesday, February 4, 2020

International Market Expansion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

International Market Expansion - Essay Example per prevailing accounting standards, all firms must translate their foreign currency exposures in local currency in order to represent them on their balance sheets. This exposure normally arises when a parent company needs to convert the liabilities/assets of its subsidiary in its balance sheet. The risk arising as a result of this translation is termed as translation exposure. (Wang, 2009) It actually measures the sensitivity when the assets or liabilities of Citibank are actually liquidated due to fluctuations in currency exchange rate. Transaction risk and exposure arises when they are liquidated and hence may gain or lose value in the process of conversion. It is critical to note that transaction exposure do not create any impact on the cash flows of the firm whereas transaction exposure does have an impact on the cash flows of the firm. International firms therefore have to consider this aspect into account also. Translation exposure often arises due to recording of items on the balance sheet therefore Citibank can engage into standards balance sheet hedge in order to safeguard themselves against any changes in the values. Transaction exposure can also be managed by entering into foreign exchange derivatives. Citibank can actually manage its transaction exposure by entering into forward and future exchange rates with counterparties. Foreign currency swaps as well as other more sophisticated instruments may also be used to manage transaction risk. More specifically, Citibank however, need to define risk limits against each currency besides forming policy regarding counterparties. This will actually allow Citi Group to manage counterparty risk associated with the parties with whom it actually enters into foreign currency transactions. (Riad A. Ajami & Goddard, 2006) 1. International banks tend to facilitate international trade and to ensure the movement of goods and services across political borders. International banks though not deal in goods but provide